Originally from Ohio, Joseph Rodefer DeCamp studied there and in Germany with fellow Ohioan Frank Duveneck.
After his travels and studies in Europe, DeCamp settled in Boston, where he became a founding member of the Ten American Painters — a group of artists, largely considered American Impressionists, who banded together to exhibit outside the more conservative mainstream of American art.
Along with some of the members of the Ten American Painters, like Edmund Tarbell and Frank Weston Benson, as well as other artists like William McGregor Paxton, Lila Cabot Perry and Aldro Hibbard, DeCamp was considered a member of the regional group known as the Boston School.