The Scapegoat, Willaim Holman Hunt; oil on canvas; roughly 34 x 55 inches (86 x 140cm). Link is to image file on Wikipedia, original is in the Lady Lever Art Gallery, National Museums Liverpool.
From the Bible: book of Leviticus, which is where we get the general concept as we use the term today.
For more background on this painting, see this post on Wikipedia.
